What is meant by "electrical resistance" of a conductor? State how the resistance of a conductor is affected when $(i)$ a low current passes through it for a short duration; $(ii)$ a heavy current passes through it for about $30$ seconds.

What happens to the resistance of a conductor when its temperature is increased?

An electric bulb of resistance $480 \Omega$ is connected to a $220 \text{ V}$ main. Find the amount of electrical energy consumed in $10 \text{ seconds}$. (in $J$)

$(a)$ Name an instrument that measures potential difference between two points in a circuit. Define the unit of potential difference in terms of $SI$ unit of charge and work. Draw the circuit symbols for $(i)$ variable resistor,$(ii)$ a plug key which is closed.
$(b)$ Two electric circuits $(I)$ and $(II)$ are shown below.
$(i)$ Which of the two circuits has more resistance?
$(ii)$ Through which circuit does more current pass?
$(iii)$ In which circuit is the potential difference across each resistor equal?
$(iv)$ If $R_{1} > R_{2} > R_{3}$,in which circuit will more heat be produced in $R_{1}$ as compared to the other two resistors?

In a Voltaic cell,what is the positive electrode (cathode) made of?

According to Ohm's law,which of the following statements is correct?